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Pulse Oximetry Nursing Interventions & Tips

Pulse Oximetry Nursing Interventions

Pulse oximetry is an important tool in patient assessment. Hereʼs what you need to know about how it works—and how to use it properly.

Tips to Treasure: Pulse Oximetry Considerations

Pulse oximetry offers an easy and non-invasive measurement of oxygen saturation, but has limitations and practice considerations that every nurse should be aware of.

Oxygen saturation (SpO2) is a measurement of the percentage of hemoglobin molecules carrying a full load of oxygen. Oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) absorbs more infrared light than red light, while deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) absorbs more red light. By comparing the relative amounts of different light absorbed, the oxygen saturation (SpO2) can be determined.

However, there are some possible causes of erroneous readings:
• Motion artifact: Movement (shivering or tremors) or improper fit of the sensor can cause erroneously low readings.
• Hypotension (due to cardiac arrhythmias, blood loss or peripheral vascular disease) and peripheral vasoconstriction (caused by hypothermia, smoking or sickle cell disease) can alter readings.
• Smoke inhalation or carbon monoxide poisoning can cause high levels of carboxyhemoglobin and also skew pulse oximetry readings.
• Response delay: A technical limitation that requires additional time to detect hypoxemia (SpO2 less than 90 percent). The length of delay can be affected by poor sensor site perfusion and vasoactive drugs.

Pulse Oximetry Nursing Interventions

The most and least stressful jobs in 2020

Jobs portal CareerCast has published its ranking of the most and least stressful jobs in 2020.

The careers that top the list for 2018 are those that commonly face risk of death or injury, physical demands, and other hazards every single day, CareerCast said.

To rank the most and least stressful careers from the 200 professions on the Jobs Rated report, CareerCast evaluated 11 stress factors: travel required; growth potential; deadlines; working in the public eye; competition in the field; physical demands; environmental conditions; hazards encountered on a regular basis; own life at risk; life of others at risk; and meeting or interacting with the public at large.

These are the 10 most stressful jobs in 2020

# Job Stress Factor
 1  Enlisted military personnel  72.47
2  Firefighter  72.43
3  Airline pilot  61.07
4  Police officer  51.97
5  Event coordinator  51.15
6  Reporter  49.90
7  Broadcaster  49.83
8  Public relations executive  49.44
9  Surgical Technologist  48.71
10  Taxi driver  48.11

These are the 10 least stressful jobs in 2018

# Job Stress Factor
 1  Diagnostic medical sonographer  5.11
2  Hair stylist  6.61
3  Audiologist  7.22
4  University professor  8.16
5  Medical records technician  8.54
6  Compliance officer  8.78
7  Jeweler  9.05
8  Pharmacy technician  9.14
9  Operations research analyst  9.17
10 Medical laboratory technician 10.00

Pressure Ulcer Staging Chart

Pressure Ulcer Staging Chart

Stages of Pressure Injuries

Pressure Ulcer Grading Pictures

Pressure Ulcer Guides Treatment Mortality

HOW TO CLASSIFY AND DOCUMENT PRESSURE INJURIES

4 Stages of Pressure Ulcers

Stage 1 sores are not open wounds. The skin may be painful, but it has no breaks or tears. The skin appears reddened and does not blanch (lose colour briefly when you press your finger on it and then remove your finger). In a dark-skinned person, the area may appear to be a different colour than the surrounding skin, but it may not look red. Skin temperature is often warmer. And the stage 1 sore can feel either firmer or softer than the area around it.

At stage 2, the skin breaks open, wears away, or forms an ulcer, which is usually tender and painful. The sore expands into deeper layers of the skin. It can look like a scrape (abrasion), blister, or a shallow crater in the skin. Sometimes this stage looks like a blister filled with clear fluid. At this stage, some skin may be damaged beyond repair or may die.

During stage 3, the sore gets worse and extends into the tissue beneath the skin, forming a small crater. Fat may show in the sore, but not muscle, tendon, or bone.

At stage 4, the pressure injury is very deep, reaching into muscle and bone and causing extensive damage. Damage to deeper tissues, tendons, and joints may occur.

Pressure Ulcer Staging Chart

Highest Paying States for Correctional Officers 2020

As of January 2020, the average Correctional Officers and Jailers brought home just shy of $49,300 a year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. But earnings vary greatly by location, as employers must offer higher wages in certain areas of the country to attract qualified candidates.

Salary: $31,140 – $$76,760
Min. Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Job Outlook 2020-30: -7% (Decline)
Related Careers:  Firefighters, Security Guards and Gaming Surveillance Officers, Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists, Police and Detectives.

Highest Paying States for Correctional Officers
State Salary (hourly)
 1. New York $31.01
 2. California $36.25
 3. Florida $20.87
 4. Pennsylvania $26.03
 5. North Carolina $18.51

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Data extracted on January 02, 2020

Highest Paying States for Correctional Officers 2020

One in Ten Medical Students Turn To Prostitution To Cover Fees

A report by BMJ shockingly reveals one in ten medical students are becoming sex workers to finance increased tuition fees.

With annual costs rising as high as £9, 000 a year, and debts totalling up to £70K, trainee doctors are forced to seek alternative ways to get paid – and it’s all in in aid of clearing uni debt.

As a result of this, there’s been a surge in med students working at pole dancing, strip and lap dancing clubs.

Over 25% of med students say they know somebody who has sought sex work to cover uni fees – that’s an awful lot of students juggling university and night work! The findings prove that the government’s decision to increase tuition fees is not only disadvantages those from less fortunate backgrounds – but also putting young female students at greater risk.

We’d love to know: What do you do raise extra cash for university? Do you know anyone who has sold sex to pay their way?

Do these stats seem shocking to you or are you not surprised? Leave your comments in the box below…

Ohio abortion ban proposal calls for re-implanting ectopic pregnancies

In Ohio, anti-abortion-rights groups and 20 Republican lawmakers recently proposed an abortion ban that would, in most cases, consider doctors who perform abortions guilty of aggravated murder and subject to a life sentence or the death penalty, The Columbus Dispatch reported.

The proposal, presented on Thursday, acts as an update to Ohio’s “heartbeat bill” that Gov. Mike DeWine signed in April but US District Judge Michael Barrett later blocked from going into effect. A “heartbeat bill” outlaws abortions as soon as a fetal heartbeat can be detected, or after about six weeks, when most people still don’t know they’re pregnant.

The new proposal would also require doctors to attempt to reimplant ectopic pregnancies in the uterus, where it’s supposed to grow. Ectopic pregnancies occur when a fertilized egg attaches itself outside the uterus, where it can’t develop.

But the Ohio proposal ignores the fact that reimplanting an ectopic pregnancy is “physiologically impossible,” said Dr. Chris Zahn, the vice president of practice activities at the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. In fact, attempting that is extremely dangerous, and the technology needed to do it doesn’t even exist.

Teacher Manuals: Behaviour Interventions – Behaviour and Classroom Management

Teacher Manuals: Behaviour Interventions – Behaviour and Classroom Management

A behavior intervention plan (BIP) is a plan that’s designed to teach and reward positive behaviors. This can help prevent or stop problem behaviors in school.

Strategies for Dealing with Challenging Behaviour in Your Classroom
Turn Negatives into Positives
Teach Positive Behaviour
Model the Behaviour You Expect
Establish a Class Code of Conduct
Communicate Well

Teacher Manuals: Behaviour Interventions Tracking and Management Resources